Risk factors in the elderly that lead to an increase in falls such as poor vision, decreased joint position sense, poor balance and physical strength and increased frailty, where possible should be addressed and improved. The majority of fractures tend to result from falls and hence by reducing the incidence of falls this is likely to reduce fractures as well. Interventions which have been shown to reduce the incidence of falls include muscle strengthening and balance training, Tai Chi exercise, home hazard assessment and modification of the home and cardiac pacing for cardiac syncope.⁹⁹ As to whether these interventions actually reduce the incidence of fracture is as yet unknown.⁹⁹

The use of hip protectors for the very frail elderly may also reduce the incidence of hip fracture although the evidence for this is unclear. Study design, compliance with wearing the device, lack of power in many studies and use of different devices has made it difficult to determine whether hip protectors lead to a reduction in fractures.¹⁰⁰ Further studies are needed in this area.

Content updated July 28, 2009